Trichology: hair, scalp and nails
Trichology is the branch of dermatology that focuses on the structure, function and diseases of the hair and scalp. At MAVIT, it also encompasses the main nail disorders, as changes in hair and nails often have a major impact on self-image and quality of life for both men and women.
Common causes of hair and scalp problems include medications (such as chemotherapy), iron and micronutrient deficiencies, hormonal changes (for example post-menopause), trichotillomania and infections like fungal scalp disease or lice. Assessment combines clinical examination with dermatoscopy or digital videodermoscopy to analyse the hair shaft, follicle and scalp condition.
For the nails, frequent conditions include onychomycosis (fungal nail infection), onycholysis (progressive detachment of the nail), ingrown toenails, paronychia (inflamed, infected skin around the nail) and melanonychia, the appearance of brown or black streaks or patches that may require careful evaluation and sometimes biopsy to rule out melanoma.
Treatment options
At MAVIT, trichology treatment plans are tailored to each patient and may include topical anti-hair loss products (lotions, vials, specific shampoos, e.g. minoxidil-based), oral supplements, systemic medications (such as finasteride in selected cases), biostimulant injections into the scalp, phototherapy and, for some forms of alopecia areata, local corticosteroid injections. In suitable cases, hair transplantation can also be considered.
For nail disorders, management can involve topical and systemic antifungal therapies, nail biopsy when diagnostic clarification is needed, and partial or total nail avulsion for recurrent ingrown nails, severe onychomycosis or suspicious lesions. The goal is to address the underlying cause, improve the appearance and function of hair and nails, and reduce daily discomfort and psychological impact.
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