Pigmentation spots, or skin dyschromia, are colour changes caused by altered production and/or distribution of melanin. They may affect both face and body and include hyperpigmented lesions such as sun spots, lentigines, melasma/cloasma and some pigmented keratoses.
Main causes include genetic predisposition, excessive UV exposure, use of photosensitising or phototoxic drugs, hormonal changes (oestrogens and progesterone, for example during pregnancy) and hormonal metabolism alterations that favour facial melasma.
— Treatment with laser CO₂
Therapeutic perspectives
At MAVIT, management starts with an accurate diagnosis using Wood’s lamp and, when indicated, advanced imaging systems such as Vectra 3D. According to the type and depth of the lesion, the treatment plan may include:
• intense pulsed light with specific filters for hyperpigmentation
• combined depigmenting chemical peels (e.g. kojic acid, retinoic acid), especially for melasma and pregnancy-related cloasma
• Erbium laser, CO₂ laser and fractional CO₂ for sun spots and actinic keratoses
Treatments are preferably performed in the winter months and not during summer. Daily photoprotection with appropriate sunscreens is essential to prevent new spots and to maintain and enhance the benefits of the procedures.
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